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Total stations can now complete the majority of the work that were historically completed by theodolites and transits. In addition they perform the particular work much more reliably and efficiently.

The total station has three primary components namely; the electronic distance measuring component (EDM); the angle measurement component and the processing unit Computer.

These instruments can automatically observe horizontal angles and vertical angles, as well as distances along a slope, from a straightforward single setup. From these kinds of measurements they can , at the press of a button, work out the horizontal as well as vertical distances, elevations and the coordinates associated with the particular points sighted, and display the results on a liquid crystal display screen. The actual information can easily be saved onboard or transmitted to external devices.

The telescope is an essential part of any total station device. It is mounted between the instrument’s standards, and after the instrument has been setup level, it can be rotated or plunged, so that the axis of sight describes a vertical plane. The axis about which the actual telescope revolves is actually known as the horizontal axis. The telescope can also be rotated in any azimuthal plane about a vertical line which usually is known as the vertical axis. Being able to both revolve and turn about these axis enables the user to target the instrument in any azimuth, and along any gradient in order to sight the observed points. This is obviously necessary when measuring angles. The device possesses three reference axes, the sight line, the horizontal and the vertical axes.

Total stations are generally designed with a couple of graduated circles which will definitely be mounted in perpendicular planes. The instrument will be set up so that the horizontal ring is horizontal. This automatically sets the vertical plane. Current instruments can certainly now perform a simple self leveling action from a nominal level situation.

The total station is going to have quite a few pre-programmed tasks that are usually selectable via the main and sub menus on the LCD screen. The system will of course provide a detailed or summary help functionality. Prompting the operator to perform the next required operation. Whilst this does not really do away with the requirement for basic training. It is a good means of making sure correct operation.

Nearly all total stations can perform sophisticated computations on the data being measured in ‘real time’ or maybe at the press of a key after the measurement has bee taken.

There are usually a number of associated items of equipment that are regularly associated with a total station. These might include reflective survey targets, tripods and park nails and prisms.

Quite a few total stations can certainly now be controlled from another location. The operator can set the particular device and then move around with a remote positioning device. The actual total station can then be operated to track until it finds the prism remote unit, then document the particular location. The keyboard on the remote device can completely work the total station and consequently a single individual can carry out a comprehensive survey following set up of the station.

In many cases it will be essential to be able to re-establish the actual stations for future surveys. In this kind of case survey nails would probably be used to form a more long lasting reference. The total station could then be set up over the mark for subsequent surveys.

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